Amoxicillin-clavulanate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic combination available under the veterinary brand name Clavamox (manufactured by Zoetis). It pairs amoxicillin, a semi-synthetic penicillin-type antibiotic, with clavulanic acid (potassium clavulanate), a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Many bacteria produce beta-lactamase enzymes that break down and inactivate amoxicillin. By adding clavulanic acid, the combination protects amoxicillin from enzymatic degradation, significantly broadening its spectrum of activity against resistant organisms. This makes amoxicillin-clavulanate effective against a wider range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as some anaerobes, compared to amoxicillin alone. It is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in veterinary medicine.
What Is Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Used For?
Veterinarians prescribe amoxicillin-clavulanate for the treatment of:
- Skin and soft tissue infections (pyoderma, wound infections, abscesses)
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Periodontal (dental) disease and oral infections
- Respiratory tract infections
- Post-surgical infection prevention
- Bite wound infections
- Otitis (ear infections, as part of a broader treatment plan)
Amoxicillin-clavulanate is effective against many common canine pathogens including Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli, Pasteurella, and certain anaerobes. Your veterinarian may perform a culture and sensitivity test to confirm the bacteria causing the infection are susceptible. Always complete the full prescribed course, even if your dog appears better, to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance.
Dosage
The typical dose of amoxicillin-clavulanate in dogs is 12.5 to 25 mg/kg (6.25 to 12.5 mg/lb) orally twice daily. Your veterinarian will determine the appropriate dose and duration based on the type and severity of infection.
| Dog’s Weight | Dose (12.5 mg/kg BID) | Dose (25 mg/kg BID) |
|---|---|---|
| 10 lbs (4.5 kg) | 56 mg twice daily | 112 mg twice daily |
| 25 lbs (11 kg) | 137 mg twice daily | 275 mg twice daily |
| 50 lbs (23 kg) | 287 mg twice daily | 575 mg twice daily |
| 75 lbs (34 kg) | 425 mg twice daily | 850 mg twice daily |
| 100 lbs (45 kg) | 562 mg twice daily | 1125 mg twice daily |
Clavamox is available as:
- Tablets: 62.5 mg, 125 mg, 250 mg, 375 mg
- Oral suspension (drops): 62.5 mg/mL (after reconstitution)
Administer with food to improve absorption and reduce GI upset. Treatment duration is typically 5 to 7 days for uncomplicated infections and up to 21 to 28 days for deep skin infections. Your veterinarian will specify the appropriate course length.
Side Effects
| Common Side Effects | Serious Side Effects (Contact Your Vet) |
|---|---|
| Vomiting | Allergic reaction (facial swelling, hives, difficulty breathing) |
| Diarrhea or soft stool | Severe or bloody diarrhea |
| Decreased appetite | Anaphylaxis (rare; collapse, pale gums) |
| Mild nausea | Persistent vomiting |
| Yeast infection (secondary) |
GI side effects are the most common and are usually mild. Giving the medication with food typically reduces nausea and vomiting. If your dog develops signs of an allergic reaction (facial swelling, hives, difficulty breathing), discontinue the medication and seek veterinary care immediately.
Drug Interactions
- Methotrexate: Amoxicillin may reduce methotrexate clearance; avoid concurrent use.
- Bacteriostatic antibiotics (tetracyclines, chloramphenicol): May reduce the bactericidal effectiveness of amoxicillin; generally avoid combining.
- Warfarin: Amoxicillin may enhance anticoagulant effects; monitor closely.
- Probenecid: May increase and prolong amoxicillin blood levels.
- Aminoglycosides (gentamicin): Sometimes used in combination for synergistic effect under veterinary supervision; do not mix in the same syringe.
Always inform your veterinarian of all medications and supplements your dog is receiving.
Contraindications
Amoxicillin-clavulanate should not be used in:
- Dogs with known hypersensitivity to penicillins or cephalosporins (cross-reactivity may occur)
- Rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, chinchillas, and other small herbivores (can cause fatal dysbiosis)
Use with caution in dogs with a history of GI disease or impaired kidney function. Your veterinarian will assess whether amoxicillin-clavulanate is appropriate for your dog.
Storage
- Tablets: Store at controlled room temperature, 68-77 degrees F (20-25 degrees C).
- Reconstituted oral suspension: Store refrigerated at 35-46 degrees F (2-8 degrees C). Discard unused suspension after 10 days.
- Keep out of reach of children and pets.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate? Amoxicillin alone is effective against many bacteria, but some organisms produce beta-lactamase enzymes that inactivate it. Clavulanic acid blocks these enzymes, restoring amoxicillin’s effectiveness. Your veterinarian will choose amoxicillin-clavulanate when beta-lactamase-producing bacteria are suspected or confirmed.
Can I use human Augmentin for my dog? While the active ingredients are the same, human and veterinary formulations differ in concentration, flavoring, and dosing. Never give your dog human medication without specific veterinary approval and dosing instructions.
How long should my dog take amoxicillin-clavulanate? Treatment duration depends on the type of infection. Simple UTIs may require 7-14 days, while deep skin infections may need 3-4 weeks or longer. Always complete the full prescribed course even if symptoms resolve early. Stopping early promotes antibiotic resistance. Consult your veterinarian.
My dog vomits after taking Clavamox. What should I do? Try giving the medication with a small meal. If vomiting persists, contact your veterinarian. They may adjust the dose, switch to a different formulation, or prescribe an alternative antibiotic.
Is amoxicillin-clavulanate safe for puppies? Yes. Amoxicillin-clavulanate is generally considered safe for puppies when prescribed by a veterinarian at the appropriate dose. The oral suspension (drops) formulation is often used for small or young dogs.
This content is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice. Always consult your veterinarian before starting, changing, or stopping any medication for your dog.